1、单例模式的基本实现
/**
单例模式:一个类只有一个对象
*/
@implementation HLMusicTool
id _musicTool;//全局变量
/**
alloc方法内部会调用这个方法
*/
+ (instancetype)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone{
NSLog(@"%s",__func__);
@synchronized(self) {//多线程
//创建对象的内存空间
if (nil == _musicTool) {
_musicTool = [super allocWithZone:zone];
}
}
return _musicTool;
}
/** 方便访问单例对象*/
+ (instancetype)sharedMusicTool{
@synchronized(self) {
//操作共享资源
if (nil == _musicTool) {
_musicTool = [[self alloc]init];
}
}
return _musicTool;
}
/** NSLog(@"%@",[[[HLMusicTool alloc]init] copy]);//Returns the object returned by copyWithZone:. copyWithZone 遵守协议NSCopying
*/
- (id)copyWithZone:(nullable NSZone *)zone{
return _musicTool;
}
2、单例模式的完善
解决:
1)extern 对全局变量的引用 :,会在全程序中查找 _musicTool,:在其他类引用全局变量,其他类就可以修改全局变量的值,导致单例对象存在被修改的风险
解决办法就是使用static 进行修饰
2)防止多次加锁: 只有在确实需要创建对象的时候,才进行加锁。即加锁之前先进行是否满足创建对象的条件
/* static 修饰变量:
1)static的局部变量:保证只初始化一次,在程序运行过程中只有一份内容;--局部变量的生命周期和全局变量类似,但是不能改变作用域
2)static 修饰的全局变量:不允许本类的h文件访问。即作用域仅限于当前的文件
ps:在其他类引用全局变量,其他类就可以修改全局变量的值,导致单例对象存在被修改的风险
extern id _musicTool; 引用全局变量,会在全程序中查找 _musicTool
解决方法:static 修饰的全局变量,这样其他类就无法引用extern*/
static id _musicTool;//全局变量
/**
alloc方法内部会调用这个方法
*/
+ (instancetype)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone{
NSLog(@"%s",__func__);
if (nil == _musicTool) {
@synchronized(self) {//多线程
//创建对象的内存空间
if (nil == _musicTool) {
_musicTool = [super allocWithZone:zone];
}
}
}
return _musicTool;
}
/** 方便放回单例对象*/
+ (instancetype)sharedMusicTool{
if (_musicTool == nil) {//防止频繁加锁
//加锁
@synchronized(self) {
//操作共享资源
if (nil == _musicTool) {//防止创建多次
_musicTool = [[self alloc]init];
}
}
}
return _musicTool;
}
/** NSLog(@"%@",[[[HLMusicTool alloc]init] copy]);//Returns the object returned by copyWithZone:. copyWithZone 遵守协议NSCopying
*/
- (id)copyWithZone:(nullable NSZone *)zone{
return _musicTool;
}
3、GCD和宏实现单例-- 宏定义的代码不好调试
1).ARC 环境下的GCD实现单例
/*
GCD 实现单例
*/
static id _dataTool;
+ (instancetype)shareDataTool{
//GCD
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{//一次性代码
_dataTool = [[self alloc]init];
});
return _dataTool;
}
+ (instancetype)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
_dataTool = [super allocWithZone:zone];
});
return _dataTool;
}
- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone{
return _dataTool;
}
2)、非ARC的单例模式
release重写,进行阻止单例对象的释放
@implementation HSDataTool
static id _dataTool;
+(instancetype)shareDataTool{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
_dataTool = [[HSDataTool alloc]init];
});
return _dataTool;
}
- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone{
return _dataTool;
}
+ (instancetype)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
_dataTool = [super allocWithZone:zone];
NSLog(@"%s",__func__);
});
return _dataTool;
}
#pragma mark - MRC环境的适配:重写
/*
Decrements the receiver’s reference count.
The receiver is sent a dealloc message when its reference count reaches 0.
*/
- (oneway void)release{
}
- (instancetype)retain{
return self;
}
- (NSUInteger)retainCount{
return 1;
}
3.GCD和宏 来实现单例
#ifndef HSSingleton_h
#define HSSingleton_h
//头文件的单例内容
#define HSSingletonH(classname) +(instancetype)share##classname
//.m文件的单例代码
#define HSSingletonM(classname) \
static id _instance;\
+(instancetype)share##classname{\
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;\
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{\
_instance = [[self alloc]init];\
});\
return _instance;\
}\
- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone{\
return _instance;\
}\
+ (instancetype)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone{\
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;\
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{\
_instance = [super allocWithZone:zone];\
});\
return _instance;\
}\
- (oneway void)release{\
}\
- (instancetype)retain{\
return self;\
}\
- (NSUInteger)retainCount{\
return 1;\
}
#endif /* HSSingleton_h */
4、ARC、MRC的适配(条件编译)
//头文件的单例内容
#define HSSingletonH(classname) +(instancetype)share##classname
//.m文件的单例代码
#if __has_feature(objc_arc)
#define HSSingletonM(classname) \
static id _instance;\
+(instancetype)share##classname{\
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;\
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{\
_instance = [[self alloc]init];\
});\
return _instance;\
}\
- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone{\
return _instance;\
}\
+ (instancetype)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone{\
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;\
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{\
_instance = [super allocWithZone:zone];\
});\
return _instance;\
}
#else
#define HSSingletonM(classname) \
static id _instance;\
+(instancetype)share##classname{\
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;\
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{\
_instance = [[self alloc]init];\
});\
return _instance;\
}\
- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone{\
return _instance;\
}\
+ (instancetype)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone{\
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;\
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{\
_instance = [super allocWithZone:zone];\
});\
return _instance;\
}\
- (oneway void)release{\
}\
- (instancetype)retain{\
return self;\
}\
- (NSUInteger)retainCount{\
return 1;\
}\
- (instancetype)autorelease{\
return self;\
}
#endif
5、、饿汉式(了解)
/*
ninitailize、load方法的区别:
initailize、load都是类方法
当一个类 或者分类被装载进内存时,就会调用一次load方法(当时这个类还不可用)
当第一次使用这个类时,就会调用一次initailize方法
*/
/** Invoked whenever a class or category is added to the Objective-C runtime; 因此不存在多线程问题*/
+ (void)load{
_instance = [[HLSoundTool alloc]init];
NSLog(@"%s----instance%@",__func__,_instance);
}
//+ (void)initialize{
// NSLog(@"%s",__func__);
//}
+ (instancetype)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone{
if (_instance == nil) {
_instance = [super allocWithZone:zone];
}
return _instance;
}
- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone{
return _instance;
}
+(instancetype)shareSoundTool{
return _instance;
}
作者:u011018979 发表于2017/7/4 10:51:53 原文链接
阅读:10 评论:0 查看评论