前言
设备驱动程序中与用户层的接口,除了 read/write/ioctl 方式外,还有sysfs属性。 对于sysfs属性提供的接口,在应用层,可以直接使用 shell 进行交互,而不必进行 编写 C 代码的方式进行对底层的读写。
正文
API接口
struct kobject *kobject_create_and_add(const char *name, struct kobject *parent)
功能:动态的创建 kobject,并注册到 sysfs 文件系统中。
参数:
- name 在 /sys/下显示的目录
- parenet :上述目录的父目录
int sysfs_create_group(struct kobject *kobj,const struct attribute_group *grp)
功能: 在kobject 下创建一组目录
参数:
- kobject :指定的目录
- grp: 在指定目录下创建group
分析 一下这个 struct attribute_group 数据类型
struct attribute_group {
const char *name;
struct attribute **attrs;
};
有两个成员,分别是name 和attrs。
struct attribute {
const char *name;
umode_t mode;
};
以上两个成员,通常先宏下列宏先定义,在取成员 attr 的方式。
#define DEVICE_ATTR(_name, _mode, _show, _store) \
struct device_attribute dev_attr_##_name = __ATTR(_name, _mode, _show, _store)
看一下 __ATTR 的定义
// (kernel-3.10\include\linux\Device.h)
#define DEVICE_ATTR(_name, _mode, _show, _store) \
struct device_attribute dev_attr_##_name = __ATTR(_name, _mode, _show, _store)
展开后得到
#define DEVICE_ATTR(_name, _mode, _show, _store) \
struct device_attribute dev_attr_##_name = \
.attr = {.name = __stringify(_name), .mode = _mode }, \
.show = _show, \
.store = _store, \
}
示例
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/sysfs.h>
#include <linux/kobject.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
//幻数
#define IOCTL_TYPE 'b'
#define COUNT 32
struct ioctl_arg {
int val;
char buf[COUNT];
};
//定义的命令码
#define CMDCTL _IO(IOCTL_TYPE,0)
#define CMDR _IOR(IOCTL_TYPE,1,struct ioctl_arg)
#define CMDW _IOW(IOCTL_TYPE,2,struct ioctl_arg)
#define DEVICE_NAME "cdev_demo"
static struct cdev *pdev = NULL;
static int major = 0;
static int minor = 0;
static int count = 2;
#define BUF_SIZE (1024)
static char kbuf[BUF_SIZE];
static int buf_count = 0;
static int cdev_demo_open(struct inode * inode, struct file * file)
{
printk("%s,%d\n",__func__,__LINE__);
return 0;
}
static int cdev_demo_release(struct inode *inode, struct file * file)
{
printk("%s,%d\n",__func__,__LINE__);
return 0;
}
static ssize_t cdev_demo_read(struct file * file, char __user * buffer, size_t size, loff_t * loff)
{
printk("%s,%d\n",__func__,__LINE__);
if(0 == buf_count){
return -EAGAIN;
}
if(buf_count < size){
size = buf_count;
}
if(size == copy_to_user(buffer,kbuf,size)){
return -EAGAIN;
}
buf_count = 0;
return size;
}
static ssize_t cdev_demo_write(struct file * file, const char __user * buffer, size_t size, loff_t * loff)
{
printk("%s,%d\n",__func__,__LINE__);
printk("buffer=%s size=%d\n",buffer,size);
if(size >BUF_SIZE){
return -ENOMEM;
}
if(size == copy_from_user(kbuf,buffer,size)){
return -EAGAIN;
}
buf_count = size;
return size;
}
//ioctl
static long cdev_demo_ioctl (struct file *filep, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
static struct ioctl_arg buf;
printk("%s,%d\n",__func__,__LINE__);
//分辨不同命令码
switch(cmd){
case CMDCTL:
printk("do CMDCTL\n");
break;
case CMDR:
//使用 _IOC_SIZE()获得命令码中的数据长度
if(sizeof(buf) != _IOC_SIZE(cmd)){
return -EINVAL;
}
if(sizeof(buf) == copy_to_user((struct ioctl_arg*)arg,&buf,sizeof(struct ioctl_arg))){
return -EAGAIN;
}
printk("do CMDR\n");
break;
case CMDW:
if(sizeof(buf)!= _IOC_SIZE(cmd)){
return -EINVAL;
}
if(sizeof(buf) == copy_from_user(&buf,(struct ioctl_arg*)arg,sizeof(buf))){
return -EAGAIN;
}
printk("do CMDW\n");
printk("%d,%s \n",buf.val,buf.buf);
break;
default:
break;
}
return 0;
}
static struct file_operations fops ={
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = cdev_demo_open,
.release = cdev_demo_release,
.read = cdev_demo_read,
.write = cdev_demo_write,
.unlocked_ioctl = cdev_demo_ioctl,
};
//
char cdev_buf[2] = "a";
//定义在 应用层执行 cat 时的操作函数
static ssize_t cdev_demo_show(struct device *dev,struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
char *s = buf;
s = sprintf(s,"%s",cdev_buf);
return sizeof(s);
}
//定义在 应用层执行 echo 时的操作函数
static ssize_t cdev_demo_store(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
{
memcpy(cdev_buf,buf,count);
return count;
}
//利用DEVICE_ATTR定义一个变量
static DEVICE_ATTR(cdev_demo, 0666, cdev_demo_show, cdev_demo_store);
//去除上边定义变量的成员的attr 作为数组成员
static struct attribute *g[] = {
&dev_attr_cdev_demo.attr,
NULL,
};
//定义了attr_group
static struct attribute_group attr_group = {
.attrs = g,
};
static int __init cdev_demo_init(void)
{
dev_t dev;
int ret;
struct kobject *cdev_obj;
printk("%s,%d\n",__func__,__LINE__);
pdev = cdev_alloc();
if(NULL == pdev){
printk("cdev_alloc failed.\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
cdev_init(pdev,&fops);
ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev,minor,count,DEVICE_NAME);
if(ret){
printk("alloc_chrdev_region failed.\n");
goto ERROR_CDEV;
}
major = MAJOR(dev);
ret = cdev_add(pdev, dev,count);
if(ret) {
printk("cdev_add failed.\n");
goto ERROR_ADD;
}
//在 sys下创建 /cdev_demo目录
cdev_obj = kobject_create_and_add("cdev_demo",NULL);
if(!cdev_obj){
return -ENOMEM;
}
//在/cdev_demo目录下创建 attr_grop
ret = sysfs_create_group(cdev_obj,&attr_group);
if(ret)
goto SYSFS_ERR;
return 0;
SYSFS_ERR:
kobject_del(cdev_obj);
kobject_put(cdev_obj);
ERROR_ADD:
unregister_chrdev_region(dev,count);
ERROR_CDEV:
cdev_del(pdev);
return ret;
}
static void __exit cdev_demo_exit(void)
{
printk("%s,%d\n",__func__,__LINE__);
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major,minor),count);
cdev_del(pdev);
}
module_init(cdev_demo_init);
module_exit(cdev_demo_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
执行 下列命令 查看变化
echo b > /sys/cdev_demo/cdev_demo
cat / sys/cdev_demo/cdev_demo
总结
通过 sys的方式,可以更加方便的查看底层的一些数据。 sys也可以用来进行调试信息。
参考文献
Linux设备模型(2)_Kobject
使用 /sys 文件系统访问 Linux 内核
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作者:u013377887 发表于2017/5/25 20:38:52 原文链接
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