Fmpeg总结（二）AV系列结构体之AVFrame

位于libavutil下frame.h文件中

• 这个结构体用来描述解码出音视频数据。
• AVFrame必须使用av_frame_alloc分配()。
• AVFrame必须与av_frame_free释放()。
• AVFrame通常分配一次,然后重复使用多次，不同的数据（如一个AVFrame持有来自解码器的frames。)在再次使用时,av_frame_unref()将自由持有的任何之前的帧引用并重置它变成初始态。
• 一个AVFrame所描述的数据通常是通过参考AVBuffer API计算。内部的buffer引用存储在AVFrame.buf /AVFrame.extended_buf。
• AVFrame将用于引用计数,当至少一个引用被set时,如果AVFrame.buf[0] != NULL, 每个单个数据至少包含一个AVFrame.buf /AVFrame.extended_buf.可能会有一个缓冲的数据,或一个单独的缓冲对每个plane, 或介于两者之间的任何东西。
• sizeof(AVFrame)不是一个public的API,因此新的成员将被添加到末尾。同样字段标记为只访问av_opt_ptr()可以重新排序

typedef struct AVFrame {
#define AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS 8
    /**
     * pointer to the picture/channel planes.
     * This might be different from the first allocated byte
     *
     * Some decoders access areas outside 0,0 - width,height, please
     * see avcodec_align_dimensions2(). Some filters and swscale can read
     * up to 16 bytes beyond the planes, if these filters are to be used,
     * then 16 extra bytes must be allocated.
     *
     * NOTE: Except for hwaccel formats, pointers not needed by the format
     * MUST be set to NULL.
     */
    uint8_t *data[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS];

    /**
     * For video, size in bytes of each picture line.
     * For audio, size in bytes of each plane.
     *
     * For audio, only linesize[0] may be set. For planar audio, each channel
     * plane must be the same size.
     *
     * For video the linesizes should be multiples of the CPUs alignment
     * preference, this is 16 or 32 for modern desktop CPUs.
     * Some code requires such alignment other code can be slower without
     * correct alignment, for yet other it makes no difference.
     *
     * @note The linesize may be larger than the size of usable data -- there
     * may be extra padding present for performance reasons.
     */
    int linesize[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS];

    /**
     * pointers to the data planes/channels.
     *
     * For video, this should simply point to data[].
     *
     * For planar audio, each channel has a separate data pointer, and
     * linesize[0] contains the size of each channel buffer.
     * For packed audio, there is just one data pointer, and linesize[0]
     * contains the total size of the buffer for all channels.
     *
     * Note: Both data and extended_data should always be set in a valid frame,
     * but for planar audio with more channels that can fit in data,
     * extended_data must be used in order to access all channels.
     */
    uint8_t **extended_data;

    /**
     * width and height of the video frame
     */
    int width, height;

    /**
     * number of audio samples (per channel) described by this frame
     */
    int nb_samples;

    /**
     * format of the frame, -1 if unknown or unset
     * Values correspond to enum AVPixelFormat for video frames,
     * enum AVSampleFormat for audio)
     */
    int format;

    /**
     * 1 -> keyframe, 0-> not
     */
    int key_frame;

    /**
     * Picture type of the frame.
     */
    enum AVPictureType pict_type;

    /**
     * Sample aspect ratio for the video frame, 0/1 if unknown/unspecified.
     */
    AVRational sample_aspect_ratio;

    /**
     * Presentation timestamp in time_base units (time when frame should be shown to user).
     */
    int64_t pts;

    /**
     * PTS copied from the AVPacket that was decoded to produce this frame.
     */
    int64_t pkt_pts;

    /**
     * DTS copied from the AVPacket that triggered returning this frame. (if frame threading isn't used)
     * This is also the Presentation time of this AVFrame calculated from
     * only AVPacket.dts values without pts values.
     */
    int64_t pkt_dts;

    /**
     * picture number in bitstream order
     */
    int coded_picture_number;
    /**
     * picture number in display order
     */
    int display_picture_number;

    /**
     * quality (between 1 (good) and FF_LAMBDA_MAX (bad))
     */
    int quality;

    /**
     * for some private data of the user
     */
    void *opaque;

#if FF_API_ERROR_FRAME
    /**
     * @deprecated unused
     */
    attribute_deprecated
    uint64_t error[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS];
#endif

    /**
     * When decoding, this signals how much the picture must be delayed.
     * extra_delay = repeat_pict / (2*fps)
     */
    int repeat_pict;

    /**
     * The content of the picture is interlaced.
     */
    int interlaced_frame;

    /**
     * If the content is interlaced, is top field displayed first.
     */
    int top_field_first;

    /**
     * Tell user application that palette has changed from previous frame.
     */
    int palette_has_changed;

    /**
     * reordered opaque 64 bits (generally an integer or a double precision float
     * PTS but can be anything).
     * The user sets AVCodecContext.reordered_opaque to represent the input at
     * that time,
     * the decoder reorders values as needed and sets AVFrame.reordered_opaque
     * to exactly one of the values provided by the user through AVCodecContext.reordered_opaque
     * @deprecated in favor of pkt_pts
     */
    int64_t reordered_opaque;

    /**
     * Sample rate of the audio data.
     */
    int sample_rate;

    /**
     * Channel layout of the audio data.
     */
    uint64_t channel_layout;

    /**
     * AVBuffer references backing the data for this frame. If all elements of
     * this array are NULL, then this frame is not reference counted. This array
     * must be filled contiguously -- if buf[i] is non-NULL then buf[j] must
     * also be non-NULL for all j < i.
     *
     * There may be at most one AVBuffer per data plane, so for video this array
     * always contains all the references. For planar audio with more than
     * AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS channels, there may be more buffers than can fit in
     * this array. Then the extra AVBufferRef pointers are stored in the
     * extended_buf array.
     */
    AVBufferRef *buf[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS];

    /**
     * For planar audio which requires more than AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS
     * AVBufferRef pointers, this array will hold all the references which
     * cannot fit into AVFrame.buf.
     *
     * Note that this is different from AVFrame.extended_data, which always
     * contains all the pointers. This array only contains the extra pointers,
     * which cannot fit into AVFrame.buf.
     *
     * This array is always allocated using av_malloc() by whoever constructs
     * the frame. It is freed in av_frame_unref().
     */
    AVBufferRef **extended_buf;
    /**
     * Number of elements in extended_buf.
     */
    int        nb_extended_buf;

    AVFrameSideData **side_data;
    int            nb_side_data;

/**
 * @defgroup lavu_frame_flags AV_FRAME_FLAGS
 * Flags describing additional frame properties.
 *
 * @{
 */

/**
 * The frame data may be corrupted, e.g. due to decoding errors.
 */
#define AV_FRAME_FLAG_CORRUPT       (1 << 0)
/**
 * @}
 */

    /**
     * Frame flags, a combination of @ref lavu_frame_flags
     */
    int flags;

    /**
     * MPEG vs JPEG YUV range.
     * It must be accessed using av_frame_get_color_range() and
     * av_frame_set_color_range().
     * - encoding: Set by user
     * - decoding: Set by libavcodec
     */
    enum AVColorRange color_range;

    enum AVColorPrimaries color_primaries;

    enum AVColorTransferCharacteristic color_trc;

    /**
     * YUV colorspace type.
     * It must be accessed using av_frame_get_colorspace() and
     * av_frame_set_colorspace().
     * - encoding: Set by user
     * - decoding: Set by libavcodec
     */
    enum AVColorSpace colorspace;

    enum AVChromaLocation chroma_location;

    /**
     * frame timestamp estimated using various heuristics, in stream time base
     * Code outside libavutil should access this field using:
     * av_frame_get_best_effort_timestamp(frame)
     * - encoding: unused
     * - decoding: set by libavcodec, read by user.
     */
    int64_t best_effort_timestamp;

    /**
     * reordered pos from the last AVPacket that has been input into the decoder
     * Code outside libavutil should access this field using:
     * av_frame_get_pkt_pos(frame)
     * - encoding: unused
     * - decoding: Read by user.
     */
    int64_t pkt_pos;

    /**
     * duration of the corresponding packet, expressed in
     * AVStream->time_base units, 0 if unknown.
     * Code outside libavutil should access this field using:
     * av_frame_get_pkt_duration(frame)
     * - encoding: unused
     * - decoding: Read by user.
     */
    int64_t pkt_duration;

    /**
     * metadata.
     * Code outside libavutil should access this field using:
     * av_frame_get_metadata(frame)
     * - encoding: Set by user.
     * - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
     */
    AVDictionary *metadata;

    /**
     * decode error flags of the frame, set to a combination of
     * FF_DECODE_ERROR_xxx flags if the decoder produced a frame, but there
     * were errors during the decoding.
     * Code outside libavutil should access this field using:
     * av_frame_get_decode_error_flags(frame)
     * - encoding: unused
     * - decoding: set by libavcodec, read by user.
     */
    int decode_error_flags;
#define FF_DECODE_ERROR_INVALID_BITSTREAM   1
#define FF_DECODE_ERROR_MISSING_REFERENCE   2

    /**
     * number of audio channels, only used for audio.
     * Code outside libavutil should access this field using:
     * av_frame_get_channels(frame)
     * - encoding: unused
     * - decoding: Read by user.
     */
    int channels;

    /**
     * size of the corresponding packet containing the compressed
     * frame. It must be accessed using av_frame_get_pkt_size() and
     * av_frame_set_pkt_size().
     * It is set to a negative value if unknown.
     * - encoding: unused
     * - decoding: set by libavcodec, read by user.
     */
    int pkt_size;

#if FF_API_FRAME_QP
    /**
     * QP table
     * Not to be accessed directly from outside libavutil
     */
    attribute_deprecated
    int8_t *qscale_table;
    /**
     * QP store stride
     * Not to be accessed directly from outside libavutil
     */
    attribute_deprecated
    int qstride;

    attribute_deprecated
    int qscale_type;

    /**
     * Not to be accessed directly from outside libavutil
     */
    AVBufferRef *qp_table_buf;
#endif
    /**
     * For hwaccel-format frames, this should be a reference to the
     * AVHWFramesContext describing the frame.
     */
    AVBufferRef *hw_frames_ctx;
} AVFrame;

• uint8_t *data[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS]：指针数组，存放YUV数据的地方。如图所示，一般占用前3个指针，分别指向Y，U，V数据。
  
  • 对于packed格式的数据（例如RGB24），会存到data[0]里面。
    对于planar格式的数据（例如YUV420P），则会分开成data[0]，data[1]，data[2]…（YUV420P中data[0]存Y，data[1]存U，data[2]存V）
• int linesize[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS]：图像各个分量数据在此结构体中的的宽度。注意这并不是图像的宽度。在此例子中图像的尺寸为672X272，而亮度分量的宽度为704，应该是图像宽度经过64对齐后的结果。
• uint8_t **extended_data：指向了图像数据。
• int width, height：图像的宽高。
• int nb_samples：此帧音频的点数。
• int format：像素类型（视频），样点类型（音频）
• int key_frame：是否关键帧，此例中为视频的第一帧，当然是关键帧了。
• enum AVPictureType pict_type：图像类型，I，P，B等，同样，第一帧是I帧。
• AVRational sample_aspect_ratio：像素的宽高比，注意不是图像的。
• int64_t pts，pkt_pts，pkt_dts：和时间戳有关的变量，以后会详细介绍。
• int coded_picture_number：编码顺序的图像num。
• int display_picture_number：播放顺序的图像num。
• int interlaced_frame：图像是否是隔行的。
• int top_field_first：图像的top field first变量。
• int64_t pkt_duration：对应packet的显示时长。
• int pkt_size：对应packet的尺寸。
• int8_t *qscale_table：据推测是存放qp（量化参数）的数组
• AVBufferRef *qp_table_buf：成员data指向qscale_table。