这篇博客我们继续分析一下Volley框架的源码。
之前的博客侧重于RequestQueue启动后服务端的运行流程,
本篇博客主要分析一下加入Request后,RequestQueue具体的处理方式。
1、 RequestQueue的add接口
我们从RequestQueue的add接口入手:
public <T> Request<T> add(Request<T> request) {
// Tag the request as belonging to this queue and add it to the set of current requests.
// 将Request与RequestQueue关联起来,毕竟用户是可以创建多个RequestQueue的
request.setRequestQueue(this);
synchronized (mCurrentRequests) {
//mCurrentRequests用于保留RequestQueue正在处理的Request
//当Request处理完毕后,回调RequestQueue的finish接口,就可以被mCurrentRequests移除了
mCurrentRequests.add(request);
}
// Process requests in the order they are added.
request.setSequence(getSequenceNumber());
request.addMarker("add-to-queue");
// If the request is uncacheable, skip the cache queue and go straight to the network.
if (!request.shouldCache()) {
//对于无需Cache的Request,直接加入到网络队列中,进行下载操作
mNetworkQueue.add(request);
return request;
}
// Insert request into stage if there's already a request with the same cache key in flight.
// mWaitingRequests相当于是RequestQueue的运行时缓存
synchronized (mWaitingRequests) {
//Request的getCacheKey是可以重载的,默认使用的Request的url
String cacheKey = request.getCacheKey();
//如果之前已经发送过同样url的Request,且这个Request正在被处理
if (mWaitingRequests.containsKey(cacheKey)) {
// There is already a request in flight. Queue up.
Queue<Request<?>> stagedRequests = mWaitingRequests.get(cacheKey);
//用LinkedList保存重复的请求,不再触发后续下载操作
if (stagedRequests == null) {
stagedRequests = new LinkedList<Request<?>>();
}
stagedRequests.add(request);
//当一个Request处理完毕,回调RequestQueue的finish接口后,
//其对应的stagedRequests将从mWaitingRequests移除
//全部被添加到mCacheQueue中
//于是,如果之前的Request已经下载成功,有了cache信息,就不会再触发下载操作
//否则,Volley框架会重新进行下载
mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, stagedRequests);
....................
} else {
// Insert 'null' queue for this cacheKey, indicating there is now a request in
// flight.
// 非重复的请求,会立即加入到CacheQueue中
// 根据之前博客的分析,我们知道CacheDispatcher将在物理缓存中,
// 进一步查找是否有该请求对应的回复信息
mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, null);
mCacheQueue.add(request);
}
return request;
}
}
从RequestQueue的add接口来看,其中比较值得一提的是引入了mWaitingRequests。
当访问同一个url的Request连续加入到RequestQueue时,只有第一个会立即被加入到mCacheQueue中进行处理,
其它后续的Request均被加入到mWaitingRequests中。
当第一个Request处理完毕回调Request的finish接口后,代码如下:
<T> void finish(Request<T> request) {
// Remove from the set of requests currently being processed.
// 首先从mCurrentRequests移除该Request
synchronized (mCurrentRequests) {
mCurrentRequests.remove(request);
}
//回调listener对应的接口
synchronized (mFinishedListeners) {
for (RequestFinishedListener<T> listener : mFinishedListeners) {
listener.onRequestFinished(request);
}
}
if (request.shouldCache()) {
synchronized (mWaitingRequests) {
String cacheKey = request.getCacheKey();
//取出waitingRequests中Request对应的后续请求队列
Queue<Request<?>> waitingRequests = mWaitingRequests.remove(cacheKey);
if (waitingRequests != null) {
...............
// Process all queued up requests. They won't be considered as in flight, but
// that's not a problem as the cache has been primed by 'request'.
// 将后续请求队列中的Request全部加入到CacheQueue中,供CacheDispatcher处理
// 如上文所述,若之前下载成功,CacheDispatcher就会从cache中获取到结果
// 否则,将重新触发下载
// 需要注意的是,如果请求队列中有多个Request,将被NetworkDispatcher并发处理
mCacheQueue.addAll(waitingRequests);
}
}
}
}
可以看出,RequestQueue通过mWaitingRequests,可以在一定程度上避免对同一个网络地址的重复访问。
2、BasicNetwork的performRequest接口
根据之前博客分析的CacheDispatcher和NetworkDispatcher的代码,
我们知道一个Request如果没有对应的缓存信息,
最终将被NetworkDispatcher交给BasicNetwork的performRequest函数处理。
在performRequest函数中,将进行实际的下载操作。
现在,我们来看看这部分代码:
@Override
public NetworkResponse performRequest(Request<?> request) throws VolleyError {
long requestStart = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
//此处while参数为true,必须返回结果或抛出异常才能结束
//这么设计是为了便于重新下载
while (true) {
//以下均是用于保存返回结果的
HttpResponse httpResponse = null;
byte[] responseContents = null;
Map<String, String> responseHeaders = Collections.emptyMap();
try {
// Gather headers.
// 将用于保存http头部信息
Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
//这部分代码对应于有cache,但需要重新更新信息的场景
//如果有Cache,将Cache中的信息加入到headers中
//其中比较重要的是,增加了"If-Modified-Since"字段,即要求从服务器获取xxx时间之后的数据
addCacheHeaders(headers, request.getCacheEntry());
//利用HttpStack进行实际的下载,得到httpResponse
httpResponse = mHttpStack.performRequest(request, headers);
//在这之后的代码比较繁杂,但主体的意思就是根据Response中的信息,进行相应的处理
// Http Response中不同的statusCode
// 定义了网络访问后不同的情况
// 即用来说明网络访问是否成功、或者表明了网络访问失败的原因等
StatusLine statusLine = httpResponse.getStatusLine();
int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();
//将Response中的头部信息,按键值对存入到前文定义的responseHeaders中
responseHeaders = convertHeaders(httpResponse.getAllHeaders());
// Handle cache validation.
// 网络访问返回304,说明该Request对应的Cache还是可以用的,服务端对应的资源并没有更新
if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_NOT_MODIFIED) {
Entry entry = request.getCacheEntry();
if (entry == null) {
//构造Response返回
return new NetworkResponse(HttpStatus.SC_NOT_MODIFIED, null,
responseHeaders, true,
SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart);
}
// A HTTP 304 response does not have all header fields. We
// have to use the header fields from the cache entry plus
// the new ones from the response.
// http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.5
// 注释写的还是很清楚的,合并形成一个Response Header
entry.responseHeaders.putAll(responseHeaders);
//构造Response返回
return new NetworkResponse(HttpStatus.SC_NOT_MODIFIED, entry.data,
entry.responseHeaders, true,
SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart);
}
// Some responses such as 204s do not have content. We must check.
// 非304场景,保存httpResponse中的数据
if (httpResponse.getEntity() != null) {
responseContents = entityToBytes(httpResponse.getEntity());
} else {
// Add 0 byte response as a way of honestly representing a
// no-content request.
responseContents = new byte[0];
}
............
//网络返回结果失败,主动抛出IO异常,后文处理
if (statusCode < 200 || statusCode > 299) {
throw new IOException();
}
//正常情况,构造Response返回
return new NetworkResponse(statusCode, responseContents, responseHeaders, false,
SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart);
//网络下载可能碰到的异常比较多,显得比较繁杂
} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
//attemptRetryOnException是用于判断是否还需要重试
//如果不需要重试,就会抛出参数中的Error信息,结束performRequest函数
//否则,就会回到while循环的起始部分,重新下载
attemptRetryOnException("socket", request, new TimeoutError());
} catch (ConnectTimeoutException e) {
attemptRetryOnException("connection", request, new TimeoutError());
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Bad URL " + request.getUrl(), e);
} catch (IOException e) {
//前文status code异常时,主动抛出了IOException
int statusCode = 0;
NetworkResponse networkResponse = null;
if (httpResponse != null) {
statusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
} else {
throw new NoConnectionError(e);
}
.....................
if (responseContents != null) {
networkResponse = new NetworkResponse(statusCode, responseContents,
responseHeaders, false, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart);
//401 Unauthorized 客户试图未经授权访问受密码保护的页面
// 403 Forbidden 资源不可用
if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_UNAUTHORIZED ||
statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_FORBIDDEN) {
attemptRetryOnException("auth",
request, new AuthFailureError(networkResponse));
} else {
// TODO: Only throw ServerError for 5xx status codes.
// 这里抛出的异常,都会被NetworkDispatcher捕获,封装成VolleryError发送给UI线程
throw new ServerError(networkResponse);
}
} else {
throw new NetworkError(networkResponse);
}
}
}
}
BasicNetwork的performRequest看起来比较复杂,但它的逻辑其实还是比较简单的:
根据Http访问得到返回值中的status code,判断网络访问的结果,并将结果封装成NetworkResponse递交给UI线程。
此外,在某些错误场景下,BasicNetwork将调用attemptRetryOnException函数判断是否需要进行重传操作,
或者直接抛出异常让NetworkDispatcher捕获,形成递交给UI线程的VolleyError。
在进一步分析HttpStack的下载过程前,我们先来看看上文提到的attemptRetryOnException函数:
private static void attemptRetryOnException(String logPrefix, Request<?> request,
VolleyError exception) throws VolleyError {
//从Request中获取Retry Policy
RetryPolicy retryPolicy = request.getRetryPolicy();
int oldTimeout = request.getTimeoutMs();
try {
// 调用对应的retry接口,更新重传次数
// 超过重传上限,抛出异常
retryPolicy.retry(exception);
} catch (VolleyError e) {
request.addMarker(
String.format("%s-timeout-giveup [timeout=%s]", logPrefix, oldTimeout));
// 捕获retry接口抛出的异常后,再次抛出异常
// 结束BasicNetwork的performRequest函数,返回错误信息给UI线程
throw e;
}
request.addMarker(String.format("%s-retry [timeout=%s]", logPrefix, oldTimeout));
}
目前Volley中原生的Request使用的均是DefaultRetryPolicy,我们看看对应的接口实现:
.................
@Override
public void retry(VolleyError error) throws VolleyError {
mCurrentRetryCount++;
mCurrentTimeoutMs += (mCurrentTimeoutMs * mBackoffMultiplier);
// hasAttemptRemaining判断能否继续重传
if (!hasAttemptRemaining()) {
throw error;
}
}
/**
* Returns true if this policy has attempts remaining, false otherwise.
*/
protected boolean hasAttemptRemaining() {
//原生的设计是判断重传次数是否超过限制
//mMaxNumRetries的值默认设计为1,即仅能重传一次
return mCurrentRetryCount <= mMaxNumRetries;
}
..............
不难看出,目前attemptRetryOnException函数主要根据当前Request的重传次数及上限,
来判断是否可以进行一次下载操作。
3、HttpStack的performRequest接口
从前文的代码可以看出,BasicNetwork最终的下载操作依赖于它的HttpStack。
根据之前博客的分析,我们知道Volley在创建RequestQueue时,
生成了HurlStack和HttpClientStack,并且在Android的高版本中将使用HurlStack。
因此,我们就以HurlStack的performRequest为例,看看下载的具体操作。
public HttpResponse performRequest(Request<?> request, Map<String, String> additionalHeaders)
throws IOException, AuthFailureError {
String url = request.getUrl();
//map中保存头信息
HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.putAll(request.getHeaders());
map.putAll(additionalHeaders);
if (mUrlRewriter != null) {
//按需对url进行重写
String rewritten = mUrlRewriter.rewriteUrl(url);
if (rewritten == null) {
throw new IOException("URL blocked by rewriter: " + url);
}
url = rewritten;
}
URL parsedUrl = new URL(url);
//创建URLConnection,后文分析openConnection
HttpURLConnection connection = openConnection(parsedUrl, request);
//添加头部附加信息
for (String headerName : map.keySet()) {
connection.addRequestProperty(headerName, map.get(headerName));
}
//根据Request,进一步添加信息,后文再进一步看看这个函数
setConnectionParametersForRequest(connection, request);
// Initialize HttpResponse with data from the HttpURLConnection.
ProtocolVersion protocolVersion = new ProtocolVersion("HTTP", 1, 1);
//利用HttpURLConnection的getResponseCode方法得到网络访问的返回的status code
int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
if (responseCode == -1) {
// -1 is returned by getResponseCode() if the response code could not be retrieved.
// Signal to the caller that something was wrong with the connection.
throw new IOException("Could not retrieve response code from HttpUrlConnection.");
}
//将结果封装成org.apache.http.message.BasicHttpResponse的格式
StatusLine responseStatus = new BasicStatusLine(protocolVersion,
connection.getResponseCode(), connection.getResponseMessage());
BasicHttpResponse response = new BasicHttpResponse(responseStatus);
// 根据Request Method及response code,判断是否还有数据需要下载
if (hasResponseBody(request.getMethod(), responseStatus.getStatusCode())) {
// 若有数据待下载,则调用entityFromConnection获取数据,并封装到response中
// 后文再来进一步分析这个函数
response.setEntity(entityFromConnection(connection));
}
//将Http的头部信息,写入到response中
for (Entry<String, List<String>> header : connection.getHeaderFields().entrySet()) {
if (header.getKey() != null) {
Header h = new BasicHeader(header.getKey(), header.getValue().get(0));
response.addHeader(h);
}
}
return response;
}
通过上文的代码,我们终于明白了,Volley的底层通信实际上依赖的是HttpURLConnection。
而HttpURLConnection实际上是通过Socket建立实际通信链接的。
之后,我们在单独利用一篇博客专门分析一下HttpURLConnection的通信流程。
现在,我们先来看看HttpStack的performRequest中调用的几个函数。
openConnection
openConnection函数负责根据Request中的信息,建立一个HttpURLConnection,其源码如下:
private HttpURLConnection openConnection(URL url, Request<?> request) throws IOException {
// 利用URL的openConnection接口创建HttpURLConnection,并设置了Follow Redirects属性
HttpURLConnection connection = createConnection(url);
// 配置HttpURLConnection的一些属性
int timeoutMs = request.getTimeoutMs();
connection.setConnectTimeout(timeoutMs);
connection.setReadTimeout(timeoutMs);
connection.setUseCaches(false);
connection.setDoInput(true);
// use caller-provided custom SslSocketFactory, if any, for HTTPS
// 默认的HurlStack并没有设置SslSocketFactory
if ("https".equals(url.getProtocol()) && mSslSocketFactory != null) {
//HttpURLConnection的SocketFactory将负责创建出实际通信用的Socket
//之后的博客分析HttpURLConnection的通信流程时,再来分析这些细节
((HttpsURLConnection)connection).setSSLSocketFactory(mSslSocketFactory);
}
return connection;
}
从上述代码可以看出,openConnection函数主要负责开启HttpURLConnection,并设置一些必要的参数。
setConnectionParametersForRequest
从函数名即可看出,该函数将用于进一步为HttpURLConnection设置参数,我们稍微看看细节。
static void setConnectionParametersForRequest(HttpURLConnection connection,
Request<?> request) throws IOException, AuthFailureError {
switch (request.getMethod()) {
//这个Method被deprecated了,根据post body,来决定到底是get方法还是post方法
case Method.DEPRECATED_GET_OR_POST:
// This is the deprecated way that needs to be handled for backwards compatibility.
// If the request's post body is null, then the assumption is that the request is
// GET. Otherwise, it is assumed that the request is a POST.
byte[] postBody = request.getPostBody();
//如果是post方法,则直接写入DataOutputStream
if (postBody != null) {
// Prepare output. There is no need to set Content-Length explicitly,
// since this is handled by HttpURLConnection using the size of the prepared
// output stream.
connection.setDoOutput(true);
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
connection.addRequestProperty(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE,
request.getPostBodyContentType());
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
out.write(postBody);
out.close();
}
break;
//下文的方法,除了post、put和patch外,都只是修改HttpURLConnection的Method参数
//post、put和patch均会利用addBodyIfExists函数,进一步写入信息
case Method.GET:
// Not necessary to set the request method because connection defaults to GET but
// being explicit here.
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
break;
case Method.DELETE:
connection.setRequestMethod("DELETE");
break;
case Method.POST:
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
addBodyIfExists(connection, request);
break;
case Method.PUT:
connection.setRequestMethod("PUT");
addBodyIfExists(connection, request);
break;
case Method.HEAD:
connection.setRequestMethod("HEAD");
break;
case Method.OPTIONS:
connection.setRequestMethod("OPTIONS");
break;
case Method.TRACE:
connection.setRequestMethod("TRACE");
break;
case Method.PATCH:
connection.setRequestMethod("PATCH");
addBodyIfExists(connection, request);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown method type.");
}
}
我们看看addBodyIfExists函数的代码:
//容易看出,Method.DEPRECATED_GET_OR_POST的处理一致,就是判断是否有需上传的数据
//如果有数据的话,就写入DataOutputStream中
private static void addBodyIfExists(HttpURLConnection connection, Request<?> request)
throws IOException, AuthFailureError {
byte[] body = request.getBody();
if (body != null) {
connection.setDoOutput(true);
connection.addRequestProperty(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE, request.getBodyContentType());
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
out.write(body);
out.close();
}
}
entityFromConnection
entityFromConnection主要用于获取HttpResponse中数据,其源码如下:
private static HttpEntity entityFromConnection(HttpURLConnection connection) {
BasicHttpEntity entity = new BasicHttpEntity();
InputStream inputStream;
try {
//实际上就是获取HttpURLConnection的InputStream
//然后从InputStream中的到信息,填充到HttpEntity中
inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
inputStream = connection.getErrorStream();
}
entity.setContent(inputStream);
entity.setContentLength(connection.getContentLength());
entity.setContentEncoding(connection.getContentEncoding());
entity.setContentType(connection.getContentType());
return entity;
}
至此,HurlStack的下载方式基本分析完毕,可以看出HurlStack主要根据Http头部的一些标志,
利用HttpURLConnection来完成实际的上传和下载工作。
4、ExecutorDelivery返回结果给UI线程
截至到这里,我们已经分析了Volley服务端处理Request的流程,也明白了Volley具体的下载操作,
现在是时候看看Volley框架如何将结果返回给UI线程了。
根据之前的代码,我们知道Volley在创建RequestQueue时,在RequestQueue的构造函数中创建了ExecutorDelivery。
ExecutorDelivery中封装了主线程对应的Handler。
我们看看ExecutorDelivery的构造函数:
public ExecutorDelivery(final Handler handler) {
// Make an Executor that just wraps the handler.
mResponsePoster = new Executor() {
@Override
public void execute(Runnable command) {
//Executor将实际的工作交给主线程的Handler处理
handler.post(command);
}
};
}
根据之前的代码,无论是CacheDispatcher还是NetworkDispatcher,
在处理完NetworkRequest后,均会调用ExecutorDelivery的postResponse接口发送处理结果,
或者利用postError接口发送错误信息。
我们一起来看一下ExecutorDelivery的函数:
@Override
public void postResponse(Request<?> request, Response<?> response) {
postResponse(request, response, null);
}
@Override
public void postResponse(Request<?> request, Response<?> response, Runnable runnable) {
request.markDelivered();
request.addMarker("post-response");
mResponsePoster.execute(new ResponseDeliveryRunnable(request, response, runnable));
}
@Override
public void postError(Request<?> request, VolleyError error) {
request.addMarker("post-error");
Response<?> response = Response.error(error);
mResponsePoster.execute(new ResponseDeliveryRunnable(request, response, null));
}
从这段代码可以看出,最终将在主线程中运行ResponseDeliveryRunnable的run方法:
@Override
public void run() {
// If this request has canceled, finish it and don't deliver.
if (mRequest.isCanceled()) {
mRequest.finish("canceled-at-delivery");
return;
}
// Deliver a normal response or error, depending.
if (mResponse.isSuccess()) {
mRequest.deliverResponse(mResponse.result);
} else {
mRequest.deliverError(mResponse.error);
}
// If this is an intermediate response, add a marker, otherwise we're done
// and the request can be finished.
if (mResponse.intermediate) {
mRequest.addMarker("intermediate-response");
} else {
mRequest.finish("done");
}
// If we have been provided a post-delivery runnable, run it.
if (mRunnable != null) {
mRunnable.run();
}
}
容易看出,上文均是回调Request的接口,这些接口就可以由其子类来实现。
例如,StringRequest的deliverResponse函数:
@Override
protected void deliverResponse(String response) {
//回调Listener的onResponse接口
mListener.onResponse(response);
}
至此,Volley框架的主要流程分析完毕,其它的ImageLoader、NetworkImageView均是在当前框架的RequestQueue、ImageRequest
基础上做到进一步封装,就不做进一步分析了。
5、Google提供的原理图
最后,结合Google提供的Volley原理图,我们一起回顾一下整个Volley的工作流程。
如上图所示,整个Volley框架共有三类线程。
主线程的工作主要是创建和启动RequestQueue的各组件,
然后由封装主线程Handler的ExecutorDelivery传递信息。
缓存查找线程的工作主要由CacheDispatcher来完成。
CacheDispatcher将在物理文件中查找是否有Request对应的信息,
如果能够查找到信息,就会利用ExecutorDelivery向UI线程返回结果。
否则,将Request递交给NetworkDispatcher处理。
Volley中默认会有4个NetworkDispatcher,
它们将从支持并发访问的BlockingQueue中获取Request进行处理。
NetworkDispatcher主要以HttpURLConnection来进行实际的下载操作,
完成下载工作后,同样通过ExecutorDelivery向UI线程返回结果,
并按照需要将结果写入到物理缓存中。
ExecutorDelivery将在主线程中,回调Request的接口,
这些接口将由Request的子类来实现。
从整体上来讲,理解Volley框架还是比较简单的,
其关键的特点就是缓存、并发,当然Volley本身还会进行一些重传操作。