注解系列
0x00 概述
上一篇限于篇幅只介绍了APT,这篇来继续介绍javapoet,是square公司的开源库。正如其名,java诗人,通过注解来生成java源文件,通常要使用javapoet这个库与Filer配合使用。主要和注解配合用来干掉那些重复的模板代码(如butterknife
和databinding所做的事情),当然你也可以使用这个技术让你的代码更加的炫酷。
0x01 简单使用
使用之前要先引入这个库
compile 'com.squareup:javapoet:1.7.0'
javapoet是用来生成代码的,需要借助
常用类
使用javapoet前需要了解4个常用类
- MethodSpec 代表一个构造函数或方法声明。
- TypeSpec 代表一个类,接口,或者枚举声明。
- FieldSpec 代表一个成员变量,一个字段声明。
- JavaFile包含一个顶级类的Java文件。
国际惯例先自动生成一个helloWorld类
定义一个编译期注解
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
public @interface clazz_hello {
String value();
}
然后看下helloworld的注解处理器
@AutoService(Processor.class)
public class HelloWorldProcess extends AbstractProcessor {
private Filer filer;
@Override
public synchronized void init(ProcessingEnvironment processingEnv) {
super.init(processingEnv);
filer = processingEnv.getFiler();
}
@Override
public boolean process(Set<? extends TypeElement> annotations, RoundEnvironment roundEnv) {
for (TypeElement element : annotations) {
if (element.getQualifiedName().toString().equals(clazz_hello.class.getCanonicalName())) {
MethodSpec main = MethodSpec.methodBuilder("main")
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC, Modifier.STATIC)
.returns(void.class)
.addParameter(String[].class, "args")
.addStatement("$T.out.println($S)", System.class, "Hello, JavaPoet!")
.build();
TypeSpec helloWorld = TypeSpec.classBuilder("HelloWorld")
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC, Modifier.FINAL)
.addMethod(main)
.build();
try {
JavaFile javaFile = JavaFile.builder("com.xsf", helloWorld)
.addFileComment(" This codes are generated automatically. Do not modify!")
.build();
javaFile.writeTo(filer);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return true;
}
@Override
public Set<String> getSupportedAnnotationTypes() {
Set<String> annotations = new LinkedHashSet<>();
annotations.add(clazz_hello.class.getCanonicalName());
return annotations;
}
@Override
public SourceVersion getSupportedSourceVersion() {
return SourceVersion.latestSupported();
}
}
这样就会在app-build-source-apt-debug-com.xsf文件夹下生成这个文件
0x02 使用进阶
方法&控制流:
- 添加方法
addcode
和addstatement
对与无需类引入的极简代码可以直接使用addCode
MethodSpec main = MethodSpec.methodBuilder("main")
.addCode(""
+ "int total = 0;\n"
+ "for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {\n"
+ " total += i;\n"
+ "}\n")
.build();
生成的是
void main() {
int total = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
total += i;
}
}
要是需要import的方法,如上面的.addStatement("$T.out.println($S)", System.class, "Hello, JavaPoet!")
就需要使用.addStatement
来声明
- 更优雅的流控制
beginControlFlow
流开启
addStatement
处理语句
endControlFlow()
流结束
如上面的用流改写就是
MethodSpec main = MethodSpec.methodBuilder("main")
.addStatement("int total = 0")
.beginControlFlow("for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)")
.addStatement("total += i")
.endControlFlow()
.build();
占位符
javapoet里面提供了占位符来帮助我们更好地生成代码
- $L 字面常量(Literals)
private MethodSpec computeRange(String name, int from, int to, String op) {
return MethodSpec.methodBuilder(name)
.returns(int.class)
.addStatement("int result = 0")
.beginControlFlow("for (int i = $L; i < $L; i++)", from, to)
.addStatement("result = result $L i", op)
.endControlFlow()
.addStatement("return result")
.build();
}
这个就是一个for循环,op负责加减乘除等符号
- $S 字符串常量(String)
- $T 类型(Types)
最大的特点是自动导入包,
MethodSpec today = MethodSpec.methodBuilder("today")
.returns(Date.class)
.addStatement("return new $T()", Date.class)
.build();
TypeSpec helloWorld = TypeSpec.classBuilder("HelloWorld")
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC, Modifier.FINAL)
.addMethod(today)
.build();
JavaFile javaFile = JavaFile.builder("com.example.helloworld", helloWorld)
.build();
javaFile.writeTo(System.out);
生成的代码如下,而且会自动导包
package com.example.helloworld;
import java.util.Date;
public final class HelloWorld {
Date today() {
return new Date();
}
}
如果我们想要导入自己写的类怎么办?上面的例子是传入系统的class,这里也提供一种方式,通过ClassName.get(”类的路径”,”类名“),结合$T可以生成
ClassName hoverboard = ClassName.get("com.mattel", "Hoverboard");
ClassName list = ClassName.get("java.util", "List");
ClassName arrayList = ClassName.get("java.util", "ArrayList");
TypeName listOfHoverboards = ParameterizedTypeName.get(list, hoverboard);
MethodSpec beyond = MethodSpec.methodBuilder("beyond")
.returns(listOfHoverboards)
.addStatement("$T result = new $T<>()", listOfHoverboards, arrayList)
.addStatement("result.add(new $T())", hoverboard)
.addStatement("result.add(new $T())", hoverboard)
.addStatement("result.add(new $T())", hoverboard)
.addStatement("return result")
.build();
然后生成
package com.example.helloworld;
import com.mattel.Hoverboard;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public final class HelloWorld {
List<Hoverboard> beyond() {
List<Hoverboard> result = new ArrayList<>();
result.add(new Hoverboard());
result.add(new Hoverboard());
result.add(new Hoverboard());
return result;
}
}
在导入包这里,javapoet 同样支持import static,通过addStaticImport
ClassName hoverboard = ClassName.get("com.mattel", "Hoverboard");
ClassName namedBoards = ClassName.get("com.mattel", "Hoverboard", "Boards");
MethodSpec beyond = MethodSpec.methodBuilder("beyond")
.returns(listOfHoverboards)
.addStatement("$T result = new $T<>()", listOfHoverboards, arrayList)
.addStatement("result.add($T.createNimbus(2000))", hoverboard)
.addStatement("result.add($T.createNimbus(\"2001\"))", hoverboard)
.addStatement("result.add($T.createNimbus($T.THUNDERBOLT))", hoverboard, namedBoards)
.addStatement("$T.sort(result)", Collections.class)
.addStatement("return result.isEmpty() $T.emptyList() : result", Collections.class)
.build();
TypeSpec hello = TypeSpec.classBuilder("HelloWorld")
.addMethod(beyond)
.build();
JavaFile.builder("com.example.helloworld", hello)
.addStaticImport(hoverboard, "createNimbus")
.addStaticImport(namedBoards, "*")
.addStaticImport(Collections.class, "*")
.build();
- $N 命名(Names),通常指我们自己生成的方法名或者变量名等等
比如这样的代码块
public String byteToHex(int b) {
char[] result = new char[2];
result[0] = hexDigit((b >>> 4) & 0xf);
result[1] = hexDigit(b & 0xf);
return new String(result);
}
public char hexDigit(int i) {
return (char) (i < 10 ? i + '0' : i - 10 + 'a');
}
我们可以传递hexDigit()
来代替。
MethodSpec hexDigit = MethodSpec.methodBuilder("hexDigit")
.addParameter(int.class, "i")
.returns(char.class)
.addStatement("return (char) (i < 10 ? i + '0' : i - 10 + 'a')")
.build();
MethodSpec byteToHex = MethodSpec.methodBuilder("byteToHex")
.addParameter(int.class, "b")
.returns(String.class)
.addStatement("char[] result = new char[2]")
.addStatement("result[0] = $N((b >>> 4) & 0xf)", hexDigit)
.addStatement("result[1] = $N(b & 0xf)", hexDigit)
.addStatement("return new String(result)")
.build();
构建类的元素
- Methods
方法的修饰,如Modifiers.ABSTRACT
MethodSpec flux = MethodSpec.methodBuilder("flux")
.addModifiers(Modifier.ABSTRACT, Modifier.PROTECTED)
.build();
TypeSpec helloWorld = TypeSpec.classBuilder("HelloWorld")
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC, Modifier.ABSTRACT)
.addMethod(flux)
.build();
这将会生成如下代码
public abstract class HelloWorld {
protected abstract void flux();
}
当然Methods需要和MethodSpec.Builder
配置来增加方法参数、异常、javadoc、注解等。
- 构造器
这个其实也是个函数方法而已,因此可以使用MethodSpec来生成构造器方法。比如:
MethodSpec flux = MethodSpec.constructorBuilder()
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC)
.addParameter(String.class, "greeting")
.addStatement("this.$N = $N", "greeting", "greeting")
.build();
TypeSpec helloWorld = TypeSpec.classBuilder("HelloWorld")
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC)
.addField(String.class, "greeting", Modifier.PRIVATE, Modifier.FINAL)
.addMethod(flux)
.build();
将会生成
public class HelloWorld {
private final String greeting;
public HelloWorld(String greeting) {
this.greeting = greeting;
}
}
- 参数
之前我们是通过addstatement
直接设置参数,其实参数也有自己的一个专用类ParameterSpec
,我们可以使用ParameterSpec.builder()
来生成参数,然后MethodSpec的addParameter去使用,这样更加优雅。
ParameterSpec android = ParameterSpec.builder(String.class, "android")
.addModifiers(Modifier.FINAL)
.build();
MethodSpec welcomeOverlords = MethodSpec.methodBuilder("welcomeOverlords")
.addParameter(android)
.addParameter(String.class, "robot", Modifier.FINAL)
.build();
生成的代码
void welcomeOverlords(final String android, final String robot) {
}
- 字段
可以使用FieldSpec去声明字段,然后加到Method中处理
FieldSpec android = FieldSpec.builder(String.class, "android")
.addModifiers(Modifier.PRIVATE, Modifier.FINAL)
.build();
TypeSpec helloWorld = TypeSpec.classBuilder("HelloWorld")
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC)
.addField(android)
.addField(String.class, "robot", Modifier.PRIVATE, Modifier.FINAL)
.build();
然后生成代码
public class HelloWorld {
private final String android;
private final String robot;
}
通常Builder可以更加详细的创建字段的内容,比如javadoc、annotations或者初始化字段参数等,如:
FieldSpec android = FieldSpec.builder(String.class, "android")
.addModifiers(Modifier.PRIVATE, Modifier.FINAL)
.initializer("$S + $L", "Lollipop v.", 5.0d)
.build();
对应生成的代码
private final String android = "Lollipop v." + 5.0;
- 接口
接口方法必须是PUBLIC ABSTRACT并且接口字段必须是PUBLIC STATIC FINAL ,使用TypeSpec.interfaceBuilder
如下
TypeSpec helloWorld = TypeSpec.interfaceBuilder("HelloWorld")
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC)
.addField(FieldSpec.builder(String.class, "ONLY_THING_THAT_IS_CONSTANT")
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC, Modifier.STATIC, Modifier.FINAL)
.initializer("$S", "change")
.build())
.addMethod(MethodSpec.methodBuilder("beep")
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC, Modifier.ABSTRACT)
.build())
.build();
生成的代码如下
public interface HelloWorld {
String ONLY_THING_THAT_IS_CONSTANT = "change";
void beep();
}
- 枚举类型
使用TypeSpec.enumBuilder
来创建,使用addEnumConstant
来添加
TypeSpec helloWorld = TypeSpec.enumBuilder("Roshambo")
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC)
.addEnumConstant("ROCK")
.addEnumConstant("SCISSORS")
.addEnumConstant("PAPER")
.build();
生成的代码
public enum Roshambo {
ROCK,
SCISSORS,
PAPER
}
更复杂的类型也可以支持,如重写、注解等
TypeSpec helloWorld = TypeSpec.enumBuilder("Roshambo")
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC)
.addEnumConstant("ROCK", TypeSpec.anonymousClassBuilder("$S", "fist")
.addMethod(MethodSpec.methodBuilder("toString")
.addAnnotation(Override.class)
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC)
.addStatement("return $S", "avalanche!")
.build())
.build())
.addEnumConstant("SCISSORS", TypeSpec.anonymousClassBuilder("$S", "peace")
.build())
.addEnumConstant("PAPER", TypeSpec.anonymousClassBuilder("$S", "flat")
.build())
.addField(String.class, "handsign", Modifier.PRIVATE, Modifier.FINAL)
.addMethod(MethodSpec.constructorBuilder()
.addParameter(String.class, "handsign")
.addStatement("this.$N = $N", "handsign", "handsign")
.build())
.build();
生成代码
public enum Roshambo {
ROCK("fist") {
@Override
public void toString() {
return "avalanche!";
}
},
SCISSORS("peace"),
PAPER("flat");
private final String handsign;
Roshambo(String handsign) {
this.handsign = handsign;
}
}
- 匿名内部类
需要使用Type.anonymousInnerClass("")
,通常可以使用$L占位符来指代
TypeSpec comparator = TypeSpec.anonymousClassBuilder("")
.addSuperinterface(ParameterizedTypeName.get(Comparator.class, String.class))
.addMethod(MethodSpec.methodBuilder("compare")
.addAnnotation(Override.class)
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC)
.addParameter(String.class, "a")
.addParameter(String.class, "b")
.returns(int.class)
.addStatement("return $N.length() - $N.length()", "a", "b")
.build())
.build();
TypeSpec helloWorld = TypeSpec.classBuilder("HelloWorld")
.addMethod(MethodSpec.methodBuilder("sortByLength")
.addParameter(ParameterizedTypeName.get(List.class, String.class), "strings")
.addStatement("$T.sort($N, $L)", Collections.class, "strings", comparator)
.build())
.build();
生成代码
void sortByLength(List<String> strings) {
Collections.sort(strings, new Comparator<String>() {
@Override
public int compare(String a, String b) {
return a.length() - b.length();
}
});
}
定义匿名内部类的一个特别棘手的问题是参数的构造。在上面的代码中我们传递了不带参数的空字符串。TypeSpec.anonymousClassBuilder(“”)。
- 注解
注解使用起来比较简单
MethodSpec toString = MethodSpec.methodBuilder("toString")
.addAnnotation(Override.class)
.returns(String.class)
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC)
.addStatement("return $S", "Hoverboard")
.build();
生成代码
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Hoverboard";
}
通过AnnotationSpec.builder()
可以对注解设置属性:
MethodSpec logRecord = MethodSpec.methodBuilder("recordEvent")
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC, Modifier.ABSTRACT)
.addAnnotation(AnnotationSpec.builder(Headers.class)
.addMember("accept", "$S", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
.addMember("userAgent", "$S", "Square Cash")
.build())
.addParameter(LogRecord.class, "logRecord")
.returns(LogReceipt.class)
.build();
代码生成如下
@Headers(
accept = "application/json; charset=utf-8",
userAgent = "Square Cash"
)
LogReceipt recordEvent(LogRecord logRecord);
注解同样可以注解其他注解,通过$L引用如
MethodSpec logRecord = MethodSpec.methodBuilder("recordEvent")
.addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC, Modifier.ABSTRACT)
.addAnnotation(AnnotationSpec.builder(HeaderList.class)
.addMember("value", "$L", AnnotationSpec.builder(Header.class)
.addMember("name", "$S", "Accept")
.addMember("value", "$S", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
.build())
.addMember("value", "$L", AnnotationSpec.builder(Header.class)
.addMember("name", "$S", "User-Agent")
.addMember("value", "$S", "Square Cash")
.build())
.build())
.addParameter(LogRecord.class, "logRecord")
.returns(LogReceipt.class)
.build();
生成代码
@HeaderList({
@Header(name = "Accept", value = "application/json; charset=utf-8"),
@Header(name = "User-Agent", value = "Square Cash")
})
LogReceipt recordEvent(LogRecord logRecord);
0x03 后续
在javapoet之前有javawriter,但javapoet有着更强大的代码模型,并且对类的理解更加到位,因此推荐使用javapoet